Planetary Data Table
Mass, mean radius, surface gravity, and escape velocity for the Sun, the Moon, and the eight planets (plus Pluto), from the NASA Planetary Fact Sheet. Click a column heading to sort. The published surface gravity and escape velocity both use the equatorial radius (gravity is further reduced by the body's rotation) — so for the fast-spinning, oblate gas and ice giants both differ a few percent from a textbook GM/r² or √(2GM/R) computed from the mean radius listed here.
| Mean radius (km) | Type | Source | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pluto | 1.3×10²² | 1,188 | 0.62 | 1.21 | Dwarf planet | NASA Planetary Fact Sheet |
| Moon | 7.34×10²² | 1,737 | 1.62 | 2.38 | Moon | NASA Planetary Fact Sheet |
| Mercury | 3.3×10²³ | 2,440 | 3.7 | 4.25 | Rocky planet | NASA Planetary Fact Sheet |
| Mars | 6.42×10²³ | 3,390 | 3.71 | 5.03 | Rocky planet | NASA Planetary Fact Sheet |
| Venus | 4.87×10²⁴ | 6,052 | 8.87 | 10.36 | Rocky planet | NASA Planetary Fact Sheet |
| Earth | 5.97×10²⁴ | 6,371 | 9.807 | 11.19 | Rocky planet | NASA Planetary Fact Sheet |
| Uranus | 8.68×10²⁵ | 25,362 | 8.87 | 21.3 | Ice giant | NASA Planetary Fact Sheet |
| Neptune | 1.02×10²⁶ | 24,622 | 11.15 | 23.5 | Ice giant | NASA Planetary Fact Sheet |
| Saturn | 5.68×10²⁶ | 58,232 | 10.44 | 35.5 | Gas giant | NASA Planetary Fact Sheet |
| Jupiter | 1.9×10²⁷ | 69,911 | 24.79 | 59.5 | Gas giant | NASA Planetary Fact Sheet |
| Sun | 1.99×10³⁰ | 696,000 | 274 | 617.5 | Star | NASA Planetary Fact Sheet |
Source. Values are from the NASA Planetary Fact Sheet (NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive). For current planetary physical parameters see NASA JPL Solar System Dynamics. Surface gravity is the effective value at the surface / 1-bar level; escape velocity is from the surface.
Related Calculators
- Weight Calculator — your weight on other planets from surface gravity
- Escape Velocity Calculator — v = √(2GM/R) from a body's mass and radius
- Gravitational Acceleration Calculator — g = GM/r² surface gravity from mass and radius
- Gravitational Force Calculator — F = G·m₁·m₂/r² between two masses
- Kepler's Third Law Calculator — orbital period from semi-major axis and central mass
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