Result equals value times the ratio of conversion factors
Energy Conversion =
Solution in Other Units
Unit
Value
Joule (J)
1
Kilojoule (kJ)
0.001
Megajoule (MJ)
1e-6
Kilowatt-Hour (kWh)
2.7777778e-7
Newton-Meter (N·m)
1
British Thermal Unit (BTU)
0.00094781712
Foot-Pound (ft·lbf)
0.73756215
Calorie (cal)
0.2388459
Kilocalorie (kcal)
0.0002388459
Electronvolt (eV)
6.2415064e+18
Erg (erg)
1
Therm (thm)
9.4781339e-9
Watt-Hour (Wh)
0.00027777778
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Energy Unit Conversion
Convert any energy value between units by multiplying by the ratio of conversion factors. All conversions pass through the joule as the base unit.
result = value × (from factor ÷ to factor)
How It Works
This converter uses the joule (J) as its base unit — the SI unit of energy equal to the work done when a force of one newton moves an object one meter. Every energy unit has a known ratio to the joule, and the converter multiplies by the source factor then divides by the target factor, all with BigNumber precision.
Example Problem
Convert 1 kilowatt-hour to joules.
1 kWh × 3,600,000 J/kWh = 3,600,000 J
One kWh equals exactly 3.6 megajoules because a kilowatt sustained for 3,600 seconds delivers 3,600,000 joules.
Key Concepts
Energy is the capacity to do work and comes in many forms: kinetic, potential, thermal, electrical, and chemical. The SI unit is the joule, but practical fields use diverse units — kilowatt-hours for electricity, BTUs for heating, calories for food, and electron-volts for particle physics. All conversions pass through the joule as the common reference, ensuring accuracy across disciplines.
Applications
Utility billing: converting between kilowatt-hours and megajoules for electricity cost comparisons
HVAC engineering: converting BTUs to joules or kilowatt-hours for heating and cooling load calculations
Nutrition science: converting food calories (kilocalories) to joules for metabolic energy studies
Physics education: converting between electron-volts and joules in atomic and nuclear physics problems
Common Mistakes
Confusing calories with kilocalories — food Calories (capital C) are kilocalories, 1,000 times larger than the thermochemical calorie
Mixing up BTU definitions — the International Table BTU (1,055.06 J) and the thermochemical BTU (1,054.35 J) differ slightly
Forgetting that kilowatt-hours are energy, not power — a kilowatt-hour is power (kW) multiplied by time (hours)
Frequently Asked Questions
How many joules are in a kilowatt-hour?
One kilowatt-hour (kWh) equals exactly 3,600,000 joules (3.6 MJ). A kilowatt-hour is the energy consumed by a 1,000-watt appliance running for one hour, and is the standard billing unit for electricity.
What is a BTU?
A British Thermal Unit (BTU) is the amount of heat needed to raise one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit. One BTU equals approximately 1,055 joules. BTUs are commonly used in HVAC, heating, and energy ratings in the United States.
What is the difference between a calorie and a kilocalorie?
One kilocalorie (kcal) equals 1,000 calories. The "Calories" listed on food labels are actually kilocalories. One calorie (small c) is the energy needed to raise one gram of water by one degree Celsius, equal to about 4.1868 joules.
Related Calculators
Power Converter — power is the rate of energy transfer per unit time.